What the ERP2 Program Data Shows
The Emergency Relief Program Phase 2 (ERP2) is a Disaster program administered by the USDA Farm Service Agency, and the data compiled on this page draws directly from the Farm Income and Wealth Statistics series published by the USDA Economic Research Service. Revenue-based payments for 2020-2021 revenue decreases. Cumulative program receipts by state are visible in the table below, drawn from 1995–2024 federal outlays reported by ERS and cross-checked against FSA county-level obligations. These are not academic estimates — they are the dollars that actually moved from the US Treasury into farmer and rancher accounts during the reporting period.
State concentration of Disaster dollars matters more than the national total. The top three recipients — Texas ($1.2B in cumulative government payments), Oklahoma ($823M in cumulative government payments), Kansas ($727M in cumulative government payments) — receive a disproportionate share because their production profiles align with the commodities and acreages covered by ERP2. For analysts, that geographic concentration is the headline: Farm Bill negotiations repeatedly revolve around whether a Disaster-heavy program continues at current levels, tightens its eligibility rules, or sees its funding shifted into other Titles of the statute.
Reading ERP2 data in isolation misses the full picture. USDA farm policy is a stack of overlapping programs — commodity, conservation, insurance, and disaster — and any individual program's payments should be compared against total farm program receipts per state, net farm income, and the crop-insurance loss ratio to see whether federal support is cushioning a price shock, compensating for a weather event, or paying for long-term land stewardship. Use the state links in the table below and the Farm Bill and subsidy guides in the sidebar to see how ERP2 fits into each recipient state's full federal-support portfolio before drawing conclusions about program effectiveness or equity.
About This Program
Revenue-based payments for 2020-2021 revenue decreases.
States by Total Payments
States ranked by cumulative government payments (1995–2024). Emergency Relief Program Phase 2 payments are included in the totals below.
| # | State | Total Payments |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Texas | $1.2B |
| 2 | Oklahoma | $823M |
| 3 | Kansas | $727M |
| 4 | Iowa | $725M |
| 5 | California | $666M |
| 6 | Nebraska | $624M |
| 7 | South Dakota | $590M |
| 8 | Arkansas | $509M |
| 9 | Minnesota | $508M |
| 10 | Missouri | $505M |
Source: USDA Farm Service Agency, Farm Income and Wealth Statistics (1995-2024) USDA Farm Service Agency, Farm Income and Wealth Statistics (1995-2024)
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the Emergency Relief Program Phase 2 (ERP2)?
The Emergency Relief Program Phase 2 (ERP2) is a USDA Disaster program. Revenue-based payments for 2020-2021 revenue decreases.
Who administers the ERP2 program?
The Emergency Relief Program Phase 2 is administered by the USDA Farm Service Agency (FSA). Farmers and ranchers apply through their local FSA county office. Eligibility and payment calculations vary by program rules set in the Farm Bill.
How does the ERP2 differ from other USDA programs?
The ERP2 falls under the Disaster category of USDA programs. Insurance programs protect against crop yield and revenue losses, providing a financial safety net separate from direct payment programs.
Which states receive the most from USDA Disaster programs?
The top recipients of USDA payments tend to be major agricultural states. Leading states by total government payments include Texas ($1.2B), Oklahoma ($823M), Kansas ($727M). State rankings vary by program category.
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Disclaimer: This information is provided for informational purposes only and does not constitute professional advice. Data is sourced from the USDA Farm Service Agency. Consult a qualified professional before making decisions based on this data.
Read our methodology — how this data is sourced, computed, and verified.